Thursday, July 7, 2011
Converting copper lab questions
1 a. Describe changes you observed as you heated the copper.
The copper, originally a reddish gold powder turned into a black solid chip. Once the copper was weighed after it had been heated, the mass was bigger.
b. Did the copper atoms remain in the crucible? Explain, using evidence from your observations.
Yes, the copper atoms remained in the crucible.
2 a. Were the changes you observed physical changes or chemical changes?
They were chemical changes and physical changes
b. What observational evidence leads you to that conclusion?
They were chemical changes because there was a change in odor, a change in color, and a change in mass. The physical changes were the change from a powder into a solid.
3 a. How did the mass of the crucible contents change after you heated the copper?
The mass got heavier by .08 g
b. Explain why the mass of the crucible contents changed in that manner.
The mass got heavier because the copper became oxidized.
Wednesday, July 6, 2011
Post bar graph questions
1. In the first graph, there is a trend of the bar changing from very high to low. In the second graph, it is apparent that the boiling points follow the same pattern as the oxygen.
2. Yes, they are consistent with earlier found patterns because it switches between nonmetals and metals, as it does on the periodic table, and the boiling points also shift as they do on the periodic table.
3. It is called a periodic table because the elements have a repeating pattern.
4. The elements with the highest oxide numbers on the periodic table are surrounding the noble gasses on the far right of the table.
5. The elements with the highest boiling points are on the far right and far left of the periodic table.
6. The elements with higher boiling points have higher oxide levels.
7. Krypton should have to lowest boiling point because it is a noble gas. All noble gasses have low boiling points. A reason for this is since they are gasses, there atoms are not as tightly bound, making it easier to boil.
8. Gallium should have the lowest boiling point, and then the rest will have boiling points corresponding to their oxide levels.
2. Yes, they are consistent with earlier found patterns because it switches between nonmetals and metals, as it does on the periodic table, and the boiling points also shift as they do on the periodic table.
3. It is called a periodic table because the elements have a repeating pattern.
4. The elements with the highest oxide numbers on the periodic table are surrounding the noble gasses on the far right of the table.
5. The elements with the highest boiling points are on the far right and far left of the periodic table.
6. The elements with higher boiling points have higher oxide levels.
7. Krypton should have to lowest boiling point because it is a noble gas. All noble gasses have low boiling points. A reason for this is since they are gasses, there atoms are not as tightly bound, making it easier to boil.
8. Gallium should have the lowest boiling point, and then the rest will have boiling points corresponding to their oxide levels.
p. 130, #13-25
13.
a. row: (horizontal) periods that are grouped according to the increase in atomic number
b. column: (vertical) groups that are organized by elements with similar properties
14.
. Hydrogen (H)
. Sodium (Na)
15.
a: Noble gasses are located on the far left side of the periodic table - the last group
b: Noble gasses are all in a gas state at room temperature
c: Noble gases are all nonreactive with other elements
16.
a. Mg and F: MgF2
b. Ga and P: GaP
17. My estimated melting point of K is about 68.5 degrees celsius. I found this by averaging 98 degrees celsius and 39 degrees celsius.
18. I would expect the boiling point of iodine to be higher than that of chlorine because iodine has a higher atomic number than chlorine.
19. See on paper
20. See on paper
21. If the lead atom gained two protons to make the ion, it would have changed into another element. If the number of protons changes, the element transforms into another element. The only way an ion can be formed is through the loss or gaining of electrons. The way that the lead ion was formed was by losing two electrons.
22.
a:
- Be: 9
- N: 14
- Ne: 20
b: Carbon has two isotopes
23. No, the mass number does not prove that there is a new element. In order for the element to be added to the periodic table, we must be aware of its physical and chemical properties along with the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
24. The mass of an electron is much less than the mass of a proton and a neutron. It does not contribute that much to the atomic mass.
25.
. Mg-24: protons: 12 neutrons: 12
. Mg-25: protons: 12 neutrons: 13
. Mg-26: protons: 12 neutrons: 14
a. row: (horizontal) periods that are grouped according to the increase in atomic number
b. column: (vertical) groups that are organized by elements with similar properties
14.
. Hydrogen (H)
. Sodium (Na)
15.
a: Noble gasses are located on the far left side of the periodic table - the last group
b: Noble gasses are all in a gas state at room temperature
c: Noble gases are all nonreactive with other elements
16.
a. Mg and F: MgF2
b. Ga and P: GaP
17. My estimated melting point of K is about 68.5 degrees celsius. I found this by averaging 98 degrees celsius and 39 degrees celsius.
18. I would expect the boiling point of iodine to be higher than that of chlorine because iodine has a higher atomic number than chlorine.
19. See on paper
20. See on paper
21. If the lead atom gained two protons to make the ion, it would have changed into another element. If the number of protons changes, the element transforms into another element. The only way an ion can be formed is through the loss or gaining of electrons. The way that the lead ion was formed was by losing two electrons.
22.
a:
- Be: 9
- N: 14
- Ne: 20
b: Carbon has two isotopes
23. No, the mass number does not prove that there is a new element. In order for the element to be added to the periodic table, we must be aware of its physical and chemical properties along with the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
24. The mass of an electron is much less than the mass of a proton and a neutron. It does not contribute that much to the atomic mass.
25.
. Mg-24: protons: 12 neutrons: 12
. Mg-25: protons: 12 neutrons: 13
. Mg-26: protons: 12 neutrons: 14
Metal or Nonmetal Lab
Metal or Nonmetal – Lab Report
July 5th, 2011
Oliver Ghadoushi, Eva Nazar
Summer School 2011 – Chemistry
Dr. Forman
____________________________
Purpose of lab: investigate several properties of seven given elements and decide if each is a metal, non-metal, or a metalloid
Abstract:
The purpose of this lab was to observe 7 different samples and record the appearance of each element (color, luster, form) and test for conductivity. In the end of this experiment, we are expected to be able to determine whether the sample was a metal or nonmetal. We did this by hammering the substance, connecting the substance to a circuit with a light bulb, and dropping in 15-20 drops of HCl and CuCl2 The tools we used in this experiment were two different well plates, a hammer, a small spoon, and HCl and CuCl2. The first thing we did was crush the different substances with the hammer to test whether they were malleable or brittle. Six of the samples were brittle while only one was malleable. When we tested the samples for conductivity, most of the samples were conductors. This showed us that most likely more than half of the samples were metals. We then observed the reactivity of these samples with hydrochloric acid and copper (II) chloride. This helped us in determining whether it was a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal because we know that metals tend to be very chemically reactive.
Procedures:
-Created data table to guide and record various data’s encountered in investigation
-Given each element, write letter of substance on paper corresponding to product
-Collect and try to crush each metal given on a separate piece of paper on table, crush and analyze overall appearance of each element (color and form)
-Continue same procedure with each substance given and record on data table
-After all are complete, take each crushed substance and place in corresponding well in an organized manner
-Drop 15-20 drops of copper chloride (CuCl2) in each of the 7 wells (A-G)
-Observe and watch any unique reaction to each substance, analyze as it goes
-Test reactivity with acid, add 15-20 drops of HCl to each of the seven wells
-Observe and watch any reaction, analyze and record result
-Clean area, wash hands, and take photographs if applicable
Lab Questions:
1.
1. Appearance = Physical Property
2. Conductivity = Physical Property
3. Crushing = Physical Property
4. Copper Chloride reactivity = Chemical Property
5. Acid reactivity = Chemical Property
2. a. Samples B & G were metals
b. Samples A, D, C, F, E were nonmetals
3. The elements that were metalloids could fit into either group (F, C, D). Several did and did not conduct electricity, and others that were filled in with the acids reacted uniquely.
Data Analysis:
After observing malleability vs. brittleness, conductivity, and reactivity of the samples with HCl and CuCl2, we have determined which are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
sample A: metal
sample B: metal
sample C: metalloid
sample D: metalloid
sample E: nonmetal
sample F: metalloid
sample G: metal
Metals tended to always have conductivity, they were usually lustrous, and were brittle or malleable. They were reactive with either HCl or CuCl2 or both. If they were good conductors, yet they were not reactive, they were most likely metalloids. Nonmetals were nonreactive and were not conductors. For example, sample E was not a conductor and nor did it react.
July 5th, 2011
Oliver Ghadoushi, Eva Nazar
Summer School 2011 – Chemistry
Dr. Forman
____________________________
Purpose of lab: investigate several properties of seven given elements and decide if each is a metal, non-metal, or a metalloid
Abstract:
The purpose of this lab was to observe 7 different samples and record the appearance of each element (color, luster, form) and test for conductivity. In the end of this experiment, we are expected to be able to determine whether the sample was a metal or nonmetal. We did this by hammering the substance, connecting the substance to a circuit with a light bulb, and dropping in 15-20 drops of HCl and CuCl2 The tools we used in this experiment were two different well plates, a hammer, a small spoon, and HCl and CuCl2. The first thing we did was crush the different substances with the hammer to test whether they were malleable or brittle. Six of the samples were brittle while only one was malleable. When we tested the samples for conductivity, most of the samples were conductors. This showed us that most likely more than half of the samples were metals. We then observed the reactivity of these samples with hydrochloric acid and copper (II) chloride. This helped us in determining whether it was a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal because we know that metals tend to be very chemically reactive.
Procedures:
-Created data table to guide and record various data’s encountered in investigation
-Given each element, write letter of substance on paper corresponding to product
-Collect and try to crush each metal given on a separate piece of paper on table, crush and analyze overall appearance of each element (color and form)
-Continue same procedure with each substance given and record on data table
-After all are complete, take each crushed substance and place in corresponding well in an organized manner
-Drop 15-20 drops of copper chloride (CuCl2) in each of the 7 wells (A-G)
-Observe and watch any unique reaction to each substance, analyze as it goes
-Test reactivity with acid, add 15-20 drops of HCl to each of the seven wells
-Observe and watch any reaction, analyze and record result
-Clean area, wash hands, and take photographs if applicable
Lab Questions:
1.
1. Appearance = Physical Property
2. Conductivity = Physical Property
3. Crushing = Physical Property
4. Copper Chloride reactivity = Chemical Property
5. Acid reactivity = Chemical Property
2. a. Samples B & G were metals
b. Samples A, D, C, F, E were nonmetals
3. The elements that were metalloids could fit into either group (F, C, D). Several did and did not conduct electricity, and others that were filled in with the acids reacted uniquely.
Data Analysis:
After observing malleability vs. brittleness, conductivity, and reactivity of the samples with HCl and CuCl2, we have determined which are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
sample A: metal
sample B: metal
sample C: metalloid
sample D: metalloid
sample E: nonmetal
sample F: metalloid
sample G: metal
Metals tended to always have conductivity, they were usually lustrous, and were brittle or malleable. They were reactive with either HCl or CuCl2 or both. If they were good conductors, yet they were not reactive, they were most likely metalloids. Nonmetals were nonreactive and were not conductors. For example, sample E was not a conductor and nor did it react.
Tuesday, July 5, 2011
p. 130, #1-12
1.
a: physical property
b: chemical property
c: chemical property
d: physical property
2.
a: physical property
b: physical property
c: chemical property
d: chemical property
3.
a: chemical change
b: chemical change
c: physical change
d: physical change
4.
a: chemical change
b: physical change
c: chemical change
d: physical change
5.
a: It is a chemical change because it is a change in color.
b: In order for the battery to lose charge, a chemical reaction did not have to take place. The battery is still the same substance, it just doesn't have the charge anymore.
c: The oil stain is removed by a chemical reaction between the soap/stain remover and the oil on the clothing. Two non-polar substances must be used in order for the stain to go away.
d: The salad dressing naturally separates over time but it is not due to a chemical reaction and even after it has separated, it is still salad dressing.
6.
a: 1. Gathering the ingredients and tools needed to make the cookies 2. mixing the dough together 3. rolling the dough into balls and putting it on the tray 4. cooking the dough in the oven
b: 1 and 3 are physical changes and 2 and 4 are chemical changes.
7.
a: metal
b: nonmetal
c: nonmetal
d: metal
8.
a: metal
b: metalloid
c: nonmetal
d: metal
9. Boron (B) and Silicon (Si)
10.
a: brittle
b: malleable
c: brittle
d: malleable
11. They are not good conductors and they are brittle, so they would not bend well.
12. They are lustrous, malleable, and ductile.
a: physical property
b: chemical property
c: chemical property
d: physical property
2.
a: physical property
b: physical property
c: chemical property
d: chemical property
3.
a: chemical change
b: chemical change
c: physical change
d: physical change
4.
a: chemical change
b: physical change
c: chemical change
d: physical change
5.
a: It is a chemical change because it is a change in color.
b: In order for the battery to lose charge, a chemical reaction did not have to take place. The battery is still the same substance, it just doesn't have the charge anymore.
c: The oil stain is removed by a chemical reaction between the soap/stain remover and the oil on the clothing. Two non-polar substances must be used in order for the stain to go away.
d: The salad dressing naturally separates over time but it is not due to a chemical reaction and even after it has separated, it is still salad dressing.
6.
a: 1. Gathering the ingredients and tools needed to make the cookies 2. mixing the dough together 3. rolling the dough into balls and putting it on the tray 4. cooking the dough in the oven
b: 1 and 3 are physical changes and 2 and 4 are chemical changes.
7.
a: metal
b: nonmetal
c: nonmetal
d: metal
8.
a: metal
b: metalloid
c: nonmetal
d: metal
9. Boron (B) and Silicon (Si)
10.
a: brittle
b: malleable
c: brittle
d: malleable
11. They are not good conductors and they are brittle, so they would not bend well.
12. They are lustrous, malleable, and ductile.
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