p. 132, #26-28, 29-34

26. Metallic elements are more likely to lose electrons.

27. It indicates that they are very nonreactive.

28.
a. Na: cation
b. Ca: cation
c. F: anion
d. Cu: cation
e. O: anion
f. Li: cation
g. Sn: cation
h. I: anion

29. B. oxygen with mass number 16 and oxygen with mass number 18. The only difference between the two is that one is an isotope and the other isn't, however they are still chemically exactly the same. Copper metal and copper(II) are very different. One is very active while the other is not.

30. The diameter of a calcium ion is 205 pm

31. a. change in color: a fence being painted (physical), iron rusting (chemical)
b. change in temperature: sidewalk in the sun (physical), exothermic reaction from two elements reacting together (chemical)
c. formation of a gas: water boiling (physical), HCl and zinc reacting giving off hydrogen gas bubbles (chemical)

32.
a: Bromine
b: Silicon

33. The date from the fish kill mystery was based off of unusual levels of certain elements that occurred in an extreme pattern. The periodic table is like the chart of the fish kill date because it is also sorted out in a pattern.

34. Thorium and protactinium and uranium and neptunium.